Overview
Amid political turmoil and economic crisis, Pakistan continues to modernize its navy which is a noteworthy development that it can’t sustain independently.China plays a key role in strengthening Pakistan’s naval capabilities.Over the last two decades China has shown consistent interest in developing maritime powers of Pakistan.
Pakistan and China naval alliance is deeply rooted in history dating back to aftermath of 1962 Sino – Indian war. From China’s unwavering support in developing Pakistan’s naval infrastructure to modern day construction of Gwadar port and the supply of advanced warships and submarines this strategic partnership has steadily grown.
Recent Developments in China Pakistan Naval Cooperation
China has supplied Pakistan with advanced Type 054A/P frigates, Hangor-class submarine and maritime patrol aircraft enhancing its naval power and underwater warfare capabilities.There has been huge Chinese investment in modernisation of the Gwadar port a critical component of China Pakistan Economic Corridor that also provides China with a strategic foothold in the Arabian Sea.
Pakistan and China have indulged in joint naval exercises like ‘Sea Guardians’ to deepen their military partnership. Additionally China is constantly transferring advanced maritime technologies to Pakistan including missile defense systems, radar technologies and naval combat software. These technologies are Pakistan’s surveillance capabilities and enhancing it’s ability to effectively secure both maritime trade routes and regional interests.
India’s Calculated Naval Strategy
India’s naval strategy has evolved to counter potential threats from neighbouring countries.With an emphasis on strengthening maritime power India has increased investments in advanced naval assets like the INS Vikrant, its indigenous aircraft carrier and Scorpène-class submarines. Naval exercises with global powers like US,Japan and Australia affirm India’s position in the region. Such partnerships are highly successful in securing vital sea lanes, influencing maritime trade, and challenging the growing influence of China in the region.
India has also complemented navy modernisation efforts with indigenous warships, submarines and enhancement of anti submarine warfare systems. Apart from this the establishment of strategic naval base in Vishakhapatnam and Andaman and Nicobar island enables India to monitor the indo pacific region and protect the crucial maritime routes.
The Growing Rivalry in the Indian Ocean
Indian ocean has become the forefront of growing naval rivalry. As both Pakistan and India revamp their naval forces tension in the region exacerbates with particularly Chinas involvement in Pakistan’s maritime rise. India has transformed its naval strategy to preserve its supremacy in the region. Such naval competition may trigger a broader conflict in the highly volatile Indian Ocean Region reshaping its dynamics.
Conclusion
Indian Ocean has become an arena for power, with countries striving hard to capture a dominant position in the region. The main focus is on naval competition as nation’s strengthen their maritime capabilities and forge strategic alliances to address emerging threats. India’s pragmatic and forward sighted approach will contribute significantly in shaping future of maritime security in the region.
Author: Ms.Aashna Gupta, Student Economics honors with Political Science, Motilal Nehru College, University of Delhi
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